Model structure
The model takes a height map of the surrounding buildings and the sun position, and predicts the shading on each roof for every hour of the year. A temporal branch then turns hourly shading and weather into PV output.
Why it is fast
Ray-traced shading has to be recomputed for every hour and every building. The learned model replaces that step, which is what makes city-wide runs about 158 times faster than simulation.
Inputs and outputs
- Inputs: building heights, roof geometry, sun position, hourly weather.
- Outputs: hourly shading masks and rooftop PV potential per building.

